Last data update: May 13, 2024. (Total: 46773 publications since 2009)
Records 1-2 (of 2 Records) |
Query Trace: Van Zee J[original query] |
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Nuclear Markers Reveal Predominantly North to South Gene Flow in Ixodes scapularis, the Tick Vector of the Lyme Disease Spirochete.
Van Zee J , Piesman JF , Hojgaard A , Black Iv WC . PLoS One 2015 10 (11) e0139630 Ixodes scapularis, the tick vector of the Lyme disease spirochete, is distributed over most of the eastern United States, but >80% of all Lyme disease cases occur in the northeast. The role that genetic differences between northern and southern tick populations play in explaining this disparate distribution of Lyme disease cases is unclear. The present study was conducted with 1,155 SNP markers in eight nuclear genes; the 16S mitochondrial gene was examined for comparison with earlier studies. We examined 350 I. scapularis from 7 states covering a representative area of the species. A demographic analysis using Bayesian Extended Skyline Analysis suggested that I. scapularis populations in Mississippi and Georgia began expanding 500,000 years ago, those in Florida and North Carolina 200,000 years ago and those from Maryland and New Jersey only during the past 50,000 years with an accompanying bottleneck. Wisconsin populations only began expanding in the last 20,000 years. Analysis of current migration patterns suggests large amounts of gene flow in northern collections and equally high rates of gene flow among southern collections. In contrast there is restricted and unidirectional gene flow between northern and southern collections, mostly occurring from northern into southern populations. Northern populations are characterized by nymphs that quest above the leaf litter, are easy to collect by flagging, frequently feed on mammals such as rodents and shrews, commonly attach to people, and about 25% of which are infected with B. burgdorferi. If there is a genetic basis for these behaviors, then the patterns detected in this study are of concern because they suggest that northern I. scapularis populations with a greater ability to vector B. burgdorferi to humans are expanding south. |
High SNP density in the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis, the principal vector of Lyme disease spirochetes.
Van Zee J , Black WCth , Levin M , Goddard J , Smith J , Piesman J . Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2012 4 63-71 Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most widespread type of sequence variation in genomes. SNP density and distribution varies among different organisms and genes. Here, we report the first estimates of SNP distribution and density in the genome of the blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis), an important vector of the pathogens causing Lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis and human babesiosis in North America. We sampled 10 individuals from each of 4 collections from New Jersey, Virginia, Georgia, and Mississippi and analyzed the sequences of 9 nuclear genes and the mitochondrial 16S gene. SNPs are extremely abundant (one SNP per every 14 bases). This is the second highest density so far reported in any eukaryotic organism. Population genetic analyses based either on haplotype frequencies or the 372 SNPs in these 9 genes showed that the 40 ticks formed 3 genetic groups. In agreement with earlier population genetic studies, northern ticks from New Jersey and Virginia formed a homogeneous group with low genetic diversity, whereas southern ticks from Georgia and Mississippi consisted of 2 separate groups, each with high genetic diversity. |
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